Cognitive Functions & the Brain
Memory systems
Medial temporal lobe structures especially the hippocampus are critical for forming new episodic memories. The case of H.M. shows intact short-term memory and procedural learning but impaired anterograde episodic memory.
Attention & executive control
The prefrontal cortex supports executive functions: selective attention, working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. Tasks like the Stroop and card-sorting highlight prefrontal contributions.
Language
Left-hemisphere perisylvian areas (Broca's and Wernicke's regions) support production and comprehension, though modern work emphasizes distributed language networks.
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